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The video shows the “simple” bridge building algorithm gives rise to extraordinarily dedicated and furious activities by hundreds of ants, coordinated in a chaotic interaction that nevertheless builds and maintains a body bridge. Take 99 seconds to view the National Geographic video showing the ants building their bridge structures: (Don’t even think of teaching any self-respecting cat these tricks, however.) The army ants’ algorithm does seem simple, if we use easy words and phrases expressing ideas such as “detects a gap,” “freezes in place,” “feels the stampede,” and “unfreezes and resumes marching.” These are commands you could teach a toddler with the promise of a cookie. Seemingly “Simple” Verbs Conceal Immense Sophistication Then, by the same means for each ant in the sequences, the bridge disassembles as its component ants move forward on top of each other. By doing so, she disconnects the bridge from the soil and it swings down vertically. Then the last bridge link ant picks herself up and marches across the ants in the bridge in front of her. Each such ant remains frozen in place until she no longer feels any trampling.Repeating steps 2 and 3, the next ant comes to a stopping point (on top of the previous ant), then herself feels the trampling, and freezes.Feeling the trampling triggers her to “freeze” in place, allowing the ants to walk over her. When the lead ant stops, the ants traveling at 12 centimeters per second behind her start walking on her back.Upon detecting a gap, each ant naturally stops.As the colony migrates roughly in a line of ants, the leading ant detects a gap in the path.The Quanta piece reports research suggesting the ants deploy an algorithm with these basic elements: The problem the army ants must solve: crossing gaps and holes appearing in the path of a migrating ant colony. Yet the Quanta Magazine piece reported that Panamanian army ants’ procedures for building bridges of living ants is accomplished using a “simple algorithm.”
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Grounded in engineering training and experience, Cassell shows that animal algorithms must be designed top-down starting with a goal, fashioning the data input sensors, developing the necessary procedures, and implementing them in software to direct hardware. Researching for my previous Mind Matters article about bird and bee biological software, I came across a short piece at Quanta Magazine entitled “ The Simple Algorithm That Ants Use to Build Bridges.” Really, a “simple” insect algorithm? Intriguing.Įric Cassell’s book, Animal Algorithms(2021), reveals the complex and intricate hardware-software systems enabling bird and insect procedures for migration, building nests and structures, social cooperation, and navigation.
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